Recognition of cavitation characteristics in non-clogging pumps based on the improved Lévy flight bat algorithm

The performance and operational stability of non-clogging pumps can be affected by cavitation. To accurately identify the cavitation state of the non-clogging pump and provide technical references for monitoring its operation, a study was conducted on the optimization of Elman neural networks for cavitation monitoring and identification using the Improved Lévy Flight Bat Algorithm (ILBA) on the basis of the traditional Bat Algorithm (BA). The ILBA employs multiple bats to interact and search for targets and utilizes the local search strategy of Lévy flight, effectively avoiding local minima by taking advantage of the non-uniform random walk characteristics of large jumps. The ILBA algorithm demonstrates superior performance compared to other traditional algorithms through simulation testing and comparative calculations with eight benchmark test functions. On this basis, the optimization of the weights and thresholds of the Elman neural network was carried out by the improved bat algorithm. This leads to an enhancement in the accuracy of the neural network for identifying and classifying cavitation data, and the establishment of the ILBA-Elman cavitation diagnosis model was achieved. Collect pressure pulsation signals at the tongue of the non-clogging pump volute through cavitation tests. Through the cavitation feature extraction method based on Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Multi-scale Dispersion Entropy (MDE), the interference signal can be effectively suppressed and the complexity of the time series can be measured from multiple angles, thereby creating a cavitation feature data set. The improved cavitation diagnosis model (ILBA-Elman) can realize the effective identification of the cavitation characteristics of non-clogging pumps through a variety of algorithm comparison experiments

Inhibition of 26S Protease Regulatory Subunit 7 (MSS1) Suppresses Neuroinflammation

Recently, researchers have focused on immunosuppression induced by rifampicin. Our previous investigation found that rifampicin was neuroprotective by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, thereby suppressing microglial activation. In this study, using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS), we discovered that 26S protease regulatory subunit 7 (MSS1) was decreased in rifampicin-treated microglia. Western blot analysis verified the downregulation of MSS1 expression by rifampicin. As it is indicated that the modulation of the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS) with proteasome inhibitors is efficacious for the treatment of neuro-inflammatory disorders, we next hypothesized that silencing MSS1 gene expression might inhibit microglial inflammation. Using RNA interference (RNAi), we showed significant reduction of IkBα degradation and NF-kB activation. The production of lipopolysaccharides-induced pro-inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E2 were also reduced by MSS1 gene knockdown. Taken together, our findings suggested that rifampicin inhibited microglial inflammation by suppressing MSS1 protein production. Silencing MSS1 gene expression decreased neuroinflammation. We concluded that MSS1 inhibition, in addition to anti-inflammatory rifampicin, might represent a novel mechanism for the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders

Generation and classification of transcriptomes in two Croomia species and molecular evolution of CYC/TB1 genes in Stemonaceae

The genus Croomia (Stemonaceae) is an excellent model for studying the evolution of the Eastern Asia (EA)–Eastern North America (ENA) floristic disjunction and the genetic mechanisms of floral zygomorphy formation. In addition to the presence of both actinomorphic and zygomorphic flowers within the genus, species are disjunctively distributed between EA and ENA. However, due to the limited availability of genomic resources, few studies of Croomia have examined these questions. In this study, we sequenced the floral and leaf transcriptomes of the zygomorphic flowered Croomia heterosepala and the actinomorphic flowered Croomia japonica, and used comparative genomic approaches to investigate the transcriptome evolution of the two closely related species. The sequencing and de novo assembly of transcriptomes from flowers of C. heterosepala (ChFlower), flowers of C. japonica (CjFlower), and leaves of C. japonica (CjLeaf) yielded 57,193, 62,131 and 64,448 unigenes, respectively. In addition, estimation of Ka/Ks ratios for 11,566 potential orthologous groups between ChFlower and CjFlower revealed that only six pairs had Ka/Ks ratios significantly greater than 1 and are likely under positive selection. A total of 429 single copy nuclear genes (SCNGs) and 21,460 expression sequence tags-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) were identified in this study. Specifically, we identified seven CYC/TB1-like genes from Stemonaceae. Phylogenetic and molecular evolution analyses indicated that these CYC/TB1-like genes formed a monophyletic clade (SteTBL1) and were subject to strong purifying selection. The shifts of floral symmetry in Stemonaceae do not appear to be correlated with TBL copy number. Keywords: Croomia, Transcriptome, SCNGs, EST-SSRs, Flower symmetry, CYC/TB

Vitellogenin receptor selectively endocytoses female-specific and highly-expressed hemolymph proteins in the silkworm Bombyx mori

Vitellogenin receptor (VgR), a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family, functions to transport vitellogenin into the ovaries to protome ovarian growth and embryonic development. In insects, the only widely accepted ligand of VgR is Vg. Recently, Bombyx mori VgR (BmVgR) has been shown to interact with Bombyx mori storage protein (BmSP1) in vitro. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated whether BmVgR could transport BmSP1 into certain cells. Although BmVgR could combine with Bombyx mori Vg (BmVg) and BmSP1, BmVgR did not affect the amount of BmSP1 taken up by Sf9 cells. Parallel immunofluorescence showed that most BmVg and BmVgR were localized in the inner oocyte membrane, showing tissue localization similar to that of BmVg labeled with pHrodo Red absorbed by the ovaries on day 2 of pupation. Although BmSP1 showed localization similar to BmVgR during the same phase, little BmSP1 was present in the ovary. Additionally, BmSP1 did not exist in ovaries when the ovaries contained BmVgR on day 5 of pupation, suggesting that BmSP1 in the ovaries was not endocytosed by BmVgR. In summary, BmVgR could facilitate uptake of BmVg by developing oocytes, but did not modulate in the transport of BmSP1.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Rifampicin significantly suppressed the expression of MSS1 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia.

<p>Cells were treated with the indicated doses of rifampicin for 2 h prior to the addition of LPS (1000 ng/ml). At 24 h post-LPS incubation, cell lysates were analyzed for the protein production of MSS1 using western blot. Rifampicin significantly inhibited the LPS-induced MSS1 expression at protein levels. Data were obtained from three independent experiments with four to six replicates each. *<i>p</i><0.05 compared with untreated cells and cells treated with LPS in the absence of rifampicin.</p

Differential MSS1 protein expression identified by MALDI-TOF-MS.

<p>Differential MSS1 protein expression identified by MALDI-TOF-MS.</p

MSS1 gene silencing inhibited microglial NF-kB activation in response to LPS stimulation.

<p>The BV2 cells were transfected with either MSS1-specfic or control siRNA for 24 h, then cells were incubated with LPS at 1000 ng/mL for 8 h. After that, cells were transfected with NF-kB-luciferase reporter plasmid and pCMV-gal control vectors using Lipofectamine reagents. NF-kB activation was detected and expressed as relative luciferase activity. Compared with the negative control group, treatment with MSS1-targetd siRNA significantly suppressed the enhancement of NF-kB activity by LPS. Data were obtained from three independent experiments with four to six replicates each. *<i>p</i><0.05 compared with the negative control group.</p

MSS1 gene knockdown reduced the expression of MSS1 at protein levels.

<p>In order to assess the efficacy of gene silencing, western blot analysis was performed after transfection with siRNAs targeting MSS1. The specificity of MSS1 gene silencing was determined by comparing with cells transfected with the scrambled RNA duplex. The BV2 cells were transfected with either MSS1-specfic or control siRNAs. At 24 h post-incubation, cell lysates were analyzed for the protein expression of MSS1 using western blot. Compared with the negative control group, the expression of MSS1 was significantly reduced by incubation with MSS1-targeted siRNAs. Data were obtained from three independent experiments with four to six replicates each. *<i>p</i><0.05 compared with the negative control group.</p

MSS1 gene silencing decreased IkBα protein degradation in LPS-activated microglia.

<p>The BV2 cells were transfected with either MSS1-specfic or control siRNAs for 24 h, then cells were stimulated with LPS (1000 ng/mL) for 30 min before cell lysates were analyzed for IkBα expression using western blot. IkBα protein degradation was significantly reduced after the addition of siRNAs targeting MSS1 in LPS-induced BV2 microglia. Data were obtained from three independent experiments with four to six replicates each. *p<0.05 compared with the negative control group.</p

Decreased iNOS expression and NO production by MSS1 gene silencing in LPS-activated microglia.

<p>The BV2 cells were transfected with either MSS1-specfic or control siRNA for 24 h, then cells were stimulated for 24 h with LPS (1000 ng/mL). At 24 h post-LPS incubation, cell lysates were analyzed for the protein production of iNOS using western blot. The Griess assay was performed to measure the production of the NO metabolite, nitrite. Transfection with MSS1-specific siRNA suppressed the LPS-induced iNOS expression at protein levels, along with the production of nitrites Data were obtained from three independent experiments with four to six replicates each. *<i>p</i><0.05 compared with the negative control group.</p